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...which consisted of a network of tribunals, whose leaders were given express pontifical delegation to judge and, if need be, condemn those charged with the crime of heresy. Following a practice in force in all European judicial systems until the end of the eighteenth century, this process made allowance for the use of torture in certain very specific circumstances, and, in the most serious cases, for condemnation to death by burning. Civil authority (the so-called “secular arm”) carried out the death sentence. In fact, the temporal powers were generally eager to assist in the struggle against heresy, because the heretic was perceived to be a threat to society at large. vatican source

828  By  canonizing  some of the faithful, i.e., by solemnly proclaiming that they practiced  heroic virtue  and lived in fidelity to God's grace, the Church recognizes the power of the Spirit of holiness within her and sustains the hope of believers by proposing the saints to them as models and intercessors. 303  "The saints have always been the source and origin of renewal in the most difficult moments in the Church's history." 304  Indeed, "holiness is the hidden source and infallible measure of her apostolic activity and missionary zeal." 305 Pope Benedict XIV, whose chapters on heroic virtue are classical, thus describes heroicity: “In order to be heroic a Christian virtue must enable its owner to perform virtuous actions with uncommon promptitude, ease, and pleasure, from supernatural motives and without human reasoning, with self-abnegation and full control over his natural inclinations.”

HOMILÍA DE BEATIFICACIÓN DE TERESA DE LOS ANDES ... Beata, dichosa, feliz, es la persona que ha hecho de las bienaventuranzas evangélicas el centro de su vida; que las ha vivido con intensidad heroica. ... Dios la hizo misericordiosa en su inmolación total por los sacerdotes y por la conversión de los pecadores; pacífica y conciliadora, sembrando a su alrededor la comprensión y el diálogo. En ella se refleja, sobre todo, la bienaventuranza de la pureza de corazón . En efecto, se entregó a Cristo totalmente y Jesús le abrió los ojos a la contemplación de sus misterios. Teresa de Jesús "de los Andes" (1900-1920) virgin, Discalced Carmelite Nuns ... The holiness of her life shone out in the everyday occurrences, wherever she found herself: at home, in college, with friends, the people she stayed with on holidays. To all, with apostolic zeal, she spoke of God and gave assistance. She was young like her friends, but they knew she was different. They took her as a model, seeking h...

Homily of Pope Pius XI at the Canonization of St. Thérèse on 17 May 1925. Therefore do We desire earnestly that all the Faithful of Christ should render themselves worthy of partaking in the abundant profusion of graces resulting from the intercession of "little Thérèse." But We desire much more earnestly that all the faithful should study her in order to copy her, becoming children themselves, since otherwise they cannot, according to the oracle of the Master, arrive at the Kingdom of Heaven. Bull of Canonization of St. Thérèse of the Child Jesus and the Holy Face.  (Vehementer exultamus hodie) Today, faithful flock of Christ, the Church offers a new and most noble model of virtue for all of you to contemplate unceasingly. For the peculiar characteristic of the sanctity to which God called Thérèse of the Child Jesus lies chiefly in this, that having heard the Divine call she obeyed with the utmost promptness and fidelity . Without going beyond the common order o...